Liphello tsa maqhubu a motlakase ho livaerase tsa pathogenic le mekhoa e amanang le eona: tlhahlobo ho Journal of Virology.

Tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea pathogenic e fetohile bothata bo boholo ba bophelo bo botle ba sechaba lefatšeng ka bophara. Livaerase li ka tšoaetsa likokoana-hloko tsohle tsa cellular 'me tsa baka kotsi le tšenyo e sa tšoaneng, e leng se lebisang mafung esita le lefu. Ka ho ata ha livaerase tse matla tsa pathogenic joalo ka lefu le matla la ho hema coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ho na le tlhoko e potlakileng ea ho theha mekhoa e sebetsang le e bolokehileng ea ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic. Mekhoa ea setso ea ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic e sebetsa empa e na le meeli e itseng. Ka litšoaneleho tsa matla a phahameng a phunyeletsang, molumo oa 'mele le ho se na tšilafalo, maqhubu a motlakase a fetohile leano le ka sebelisoang bakeng sa ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic' me a hohela tlhokomelo e ntseng e eketseha. Sengoliloeng sena se fana ka kakaretso ea likhatiso tsa morao-rao mabapi le phello ea maqhubu a motlakase ho livaerase tsa pathogenic le mekhoa ea tsona, hammoho le menyetla ea ts'ebeliso ea maqhubu a motlakase bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea livaerase tsa pathogenic, hammoho le mehopolo le mekhoa e mecha ea ts'ebetso e joalo.
Likokoana-hloko tse ngata li hasana ka potlako, li tšoarella nako e telele, li na le likokoana-hloko tse ngata 'me li ka baka mafu a seoa a lefats'e le likotsi tse tebileng tsa bophelo bo botle. Thibelo, ho lemoha, tlhahlobo, pheliso le kalafo ke mehato ea bohlokoa ea ho emisa ho ata ha vaerase. Pheliso e potlakileng le e sebetsang ea livaerase tsa pathogenic e kenyelletsa prophylactic, ts'ireletso le pheliso ea mohloli. Ho se sebetse ha likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic ka timetso ea 'mele ho fokotsa ts'oaetso ea bona, pathogenicity le matla a ho ikatisa ke mokhoa o atlehang oa ho felisa. Mekhoa ea setso, ho kenyelletsa mocheso o phahameng, lik'hemik'hale le mahlaseli a ionizing, a ka thibela likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic ka katleho. Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa ena e ntse e na le mefokolo e itseng. Ka hona, ho ntse ho e-na le tlhokahalo e potlakileng ea ho hlahisa mekhoa e mecha ea ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic.
Ho tsoa ha maqhubu a motlakase ho na le melemo ea matla a ho kenella ka matla, ho futhumatsa ka potlako le ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho resonance le likokoana-hloko le ho lokolloa ha plasma, 'me ho lebelletsoe hore e be mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic [1,2,3]. Bokhoni ba maqhubu a motlakase ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic bo ile ba bontšoa lekholong le fetileng la lilemo [4]. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, tšebeliso ea maqhubu a motlakase bakeng sa ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic e hohetse tlhokomelo e ntseng e eketseha. Sengoliloeng sena se bua ka phello ea maqhubu a motlakase ho livaerase tsa pathogenic le mekhoa ea tsona, e ka sebetsang e le tataiso e sebetsang bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa mantlha le tse sebelisoang.
Litšobotsi tsa morphological tsa livaerase li ka bonahatsa mesebetsi e kang ho phela le ho tšoaetsoa. Ho bonts'itsoe hore maqhubu a motlakase, haholo-holo maqhubu a phahameng a phahameng (UHF) le maqhubu a motlakase a phahameng haholo (EHF), a ka sitisa morphology ea livaerase.
Bacteriophage MS2 (MS2) hangata e sebelisoa libakeng tse fapaneng tsa lipatlisiso joalo ka tlhahlobo ea ho bolaea likokoana-hloko, mohlala oa kinetic (aqueous), le sebopeho sa baeloji ea limolek'hule tsa vaerase [5, 6]. Wu o fumane hore li-microwaves ho 2450 MHz le 700 W li bakile ho kopana le ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha li-phages tsa metsing tsa MS2 ka mor'a motsotso o le mong oa mahlaseli a tobileng [1]. Ka mor'a lipatlisiso tse ling, ho ile ha boela ha bonoa khefu holim'a MS2 phage [7]. Kaczmarczyk [8] e pepesitse ho emisoa ha lisampole tsa coronavirus 229E (CoV-229E) ho maqhubu a millimeter ka maqhubu a 95 GHz le matla a matla a 70 ho isa ho 100 W/cm2 bakeng sa 0.1 s. Likoti tse kholo li ka fumanoa ka har'a khetla e thata ea spherical ea kokoana-hloko, e lebisang ho lahleheloa ke litaba tsa eona. Ho pepesetsoa maqhubu a motlakase ho ka senya mefuta ea vaerase. Leha ho le joalo, liphetoho tsa thepa ea morphological, tse kang sebōpeho, bophara le boreleli ba holim'a metsi, ka mor'a ho pepesehela kokoana-hloko ka mahlaseli a motlakase ha li tsejoe. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho sekaseka kamano lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa morphological le mathata a ts'ebetso, tse ka fanang ka matšoao a bohlokoa le a bonolo bakeng sa ho lekola ho se sebetse ha vaerase [1].
Sebopeho sa kokoana-hloko hangata se na le nucleic acid e ka hare (RNA kapa DNA) le capsid e ka ntle. Li-nucleic acid li etsa qeto ea hore na liphatsa tsa lefutso le ho ikatisa ha livaerase li na le eng. Capsid ke karolo e ka ntle ea liprotheine tse hlophisitsoeng khafetsa, karolo ea mantlha ea scaffolding le antigenic ea likaroloana tsa vaerase, hape e sireletsa nucleic acid. Livaerase tse ngata li na le sebopeho sa enfelopo se entsoeng ka lipids le glycoprotein. Ho feta moo, liprotheine tsa enfelopo li etsa qeto ea hore na li-receptors ke life 'me li sebetsa e le li-antigen tse ka sehloohong tseo sesole sa' mele se ka se hlokomelang. Sebopeho se feletseng se tiisa botšepehi le botsitso ba liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa kokoana-hloko.
Lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore maqhubu a motlakase, haholo-holo maqhubu a motlakase a UHF, a ka senya RNA ea livaerase tse bakang mafu. Wu [1] o ile a pepesa ka kotloloho tikoloho e nang le metsi a kokoana-hloko ea MS2 ho 2450 MHz microwaves bakeng sa metsotso e 2 mme a sekaseka liphatsa tsa lefutso tse khoutong protheine A, protheine ea capsid, protheine ea replicase, le protheine ea cleavage ka gel electrophoresis le reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RT-PCR). Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsena li ile tsa senyeha butle-butle ka matla a ntseng a eketseha a ba a nyamela ka matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa. Ka mohlala, polelo ea protheine A gene (934 bp) e fokotsehile haholo ka mor'a ho pepesehela maqhubu a motlakase ka matla a 119 le 385 W 'me ea nyamela ka ho feletseng ha matla a matla a eketseha ho 700 W. Lintlha tsena li bontša hore maqhubu a motlakase a ka khona, ho itšetlehile ka lethal dose, senya sebopeho sa nucleic acids ea likokoana-hloko.
Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li bontšitse hore phello ea maqhubu a motlakase ho liprotheine tsa kokoana-hloko ea pathogenic e itšetlehile haholo ka phello ea bona e sa tobang ea mocheso ho bakena-lipakeng le phello ea bona e sa tobang ho protheine synthesis ka lebaka la timetso ea nucleic acids [1, 3, 8, 9]. Leha ho le joalo, litlamorao tsa athermic li ka boela tsa fetola polarity kapa sebopeho sa liprotheine tsa vaerase [1, 10, 11]. Tšusumetso e tobileng ea maqhubu a motlakase ho liprotheine tsa motheo tsa sebopeho / tse se nang sebopeho joalo ka liprotheine tsa capsid, liprotheine tsa enfelopo kapa liprotheine tsa spike tsa livaerase tsa pathogenic li ntse li hloka boithuto bo eketsehileng. Haufinyane tjena ho fanoe ka maikutlo a hore metsotso ea 2 ea mahlaseli a motlakase ka lebelo la 2.45 GHz ka matla a 700 W e ka sebelisana le likaroloana tse fapaneng tsa litefello tsa protheine ka ho thehoa ha libaka tse chesang le libaka tsa motlakase tse oscillating ka liphello tsa motlakase feela [12].
Enfelopo ea kokoana-hloko ea pathogenic e amana haufi-ufi le bokhoni ba eona ba ho tšoaetsa kapa ho baka mafu. Liphuputso tse 'maloa li tlalehile hore UHF le maqhubu a motlakase a microwave a ka senya likhetla tsa livaerase tse bakang mafu. Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, masoba a ikhethileng a ka bonoa ka har'a enfelopo ea vaerase ea coronavirus 229E kamora ho pepesetsoa motsotsoana oa 0.1 ho 95 GHz millimeter wave ka matla a matla a 70 ho isa ho 100 W/cm2 [8]. Phello ea matla a resonant ea maqhubu a motlakase a ka baka khatello e lekaneng ea ho senya sebopeho sa enfelopo ea vaerase. Bakeng sa likokoana-hloko tse koahetsoeng, ka mor'a ho phatloha ha enfelopo, ts'oaetso kapa ketsahalo e itseng hangata e fokotseha kapa e lahleheloa ka ho feletseng [13, 14]. Yang [13] e pepesitse kokoana-hloko ea ntaramane ea H3N2 (H3N2) le kokoana-hloko ea ntaramane ea H1N1 (H1N1) ho li-microwave tse 8.35 GHz, 320 W/m² le 7 GHz, 308 W/m², ka ho latellana, ka metsotso e 15. Ho bapisa matšoao a RNA a livaerase tsa pathogenic tse pepesehileng maqhubu a motlakase le mohlala o arohaneng o hoamisitsoeng mme hang-hang oa qhibiliha ka naetrojene e metsi bakeng sa lipotoloho tse 'maloa, ho ile ha etsoa RT-PCR. Liphetho li bontšitse hore matšoao a RNA a mefuta e 'meli a lumellana haholo. Liphetho tsena li bontša hore sebopeho sa 'mele sa kokoana-hloko se ferekanngoa mme sebopeho sa enfelopo se senyeha ka mor'a ho pepesehela mahlaseli a microwave.
Mosebetsi oa kokoana-hloko o ka khetholloa ka bokhoni ba eona ba ho tšoaetsa, ho pheta-pheta le ho ngola. Ts'oaetso ea kokoana-hloko kapa ts'ebetso e atisa ho hlahlojoa ka ho lekanya li-titers tsa kokoana-hloko ho sebelisa li-plaque assays, tissue culture median infective dose (TCID50), kapa mosebetsi oa liphatsa tsa lefutso oa luciferase. Empa e ka boela ea hlahlojoa ka kotloloho ka ho arola vaerase e phelang kapa ka ho sekaseka antigen ea vaerase, bongata ba likaroloana tsa vaerase, ho pholoha ha vaerase, jj.
Ho tlalehiloe hore maqhubu a motlakase a UHF, SHF le EHF a ka tima ka ho toba li-aerosols tsa kokoana-hloko kapa livaerase tse tsamaisoang ke metsi. Wu [1] e pepesitse MS2 bacteriophage aerosol e hlahisoang ke nebulizer ea laboratori ho maqhubu a motlakase a nang le maqhubu a 2450 MHz le matla a 700 W bakeng sa metsotso e 1.7, ha sekhahla sa pholoho sa MS2 bacteriophage e ne e le 8.66 feela%. Ho tšoana le MS2 viral aerosol, 91.3% ea metsi a MS2 e ile ea emisoa nakong ea metsotso e 1.5 ka mor'a ho pepesehela tekanyo e tšoanang ea maqhubu a motlakase. Ho feta moo, bokhoni ba mahlaseli a motlakase a ho thibela kokoana-hloko ea MS2 bo ne bo amana hantle le matla a matla le nako ea ho pepeseha. Leha ho le joalo, ha ts'ebetso ea ho koala e fihla boleng ba eona bo phahameng, ts'ebetso ea ho tima e ke ke ea ntlafatsoa ka ho eketsa nako ea ho pepeseha kapa ho eketsa matla a matla. Ka mohlala, kokoana-hloko ea MS2 e ne e e-na le tekanyo e fokolang ea ho pholoha ea 2.65% ho 4.37% ka mor'a ho pepesehela maqhubu a motlakase a 2450 MHz le 700 W, 'me ha ho liphetoho tse kholo tse ileng tsa fumanoa ka nako e ntseng e eketseha ea ho pepeseha. Siddharta [3] o ile a khantša ho emisoa ha setso sa lisele tse nang le kokoana-hloko ea hepatitis C (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) e nang le maqhubu a motlakase ka lebelo la 2450 MHz le matla a 360 W. Ba fumane hore li-titers tsa kokoana-hloko li theohile haholo. kamora metsotso e 3 ea ho pepeseha, ho bonts'a hore mahlaseli a maqhubu a motlakase a sebetsa khahlano le tšoaetso ea HCV le HIV-1 mme e thusa ho thibela phetiso ea vaerase. ha e pepesitsoe mmoho. Ha irradiating HCV lisele tsa meetlo le HIV-1 suspensions le tlaase-matla a maqhubu a motlakase le maqhubu a 2450 MHz, 90 W kapa 180 W, ha ho na phetoho ka kokoana-hloko titer, e khethoa ke luciferase motlalehi mosebetsi, le phetoho e khōlō ea kokoana-hloko infectivity. li ile tsa shejoa. ka 600 le 800 W bakeng sa 1 motsotso, infectivity ea likokoana-hloko ka bobeli ha ea ka ea fokotseha haholo, eo ho lumeloang hore e amana le matla a mahlaseli a leqhubu la motlakase le nako ea ho pepeseha ha mocheso oa bohlokoa.
Kaczmarczyk [8] e bontšitse ka lekhetlo la pele ho bolaea ha maqhubu a motlakase a EHF khahlanong le livaerase tsa pathogenic tse tsamaisoang ke metsi ka 2021. Ba pepesitse lisampole tsa coronavirus 229E kapa poliovirus (PV) ho maqhubu a motlakase ka lebelo la 95 GHz le matla a matla a 70 ho isa ho 100 W/cm2. bakeng sa metsotsoana e 2. Ho sebetsa hantle ha likokoana-hloko tse peli tsa pathogenic e ne e le 99.98% le 99.375%, ka ho latellana. e bonts'ang hore maqhubu a motlakase a EHF a na le menyetla e pharaletseng ea ts'ebeliso lefapheng la ts'ebetso ea vaerase.
Ho sebetsa ha UHF ha livaerase ho se ho hlahlobiloe mecheng ea litaba e fapaneng joalo ka lebese la matsoele le lisebelisoa tse ling tse sebelisoang lapeng. Bafuputsi ba ile ba pepesa limaske tsa anesthesia tse silafalitsoeng ke adenovirus (ADV), mofuta oa poliovirus 1 (PV-1), herpesvirus 1 (HV-1) le rhinovirus (RHV) ho mahlaseli a motlakase ka lebelo la 2450 MHz le matla a 720 watts. Ba tlalehile hore liteko tsa ADV le li-antigen tsa PV-1 li ile tsa fetoha tse mpe, 'me HV-1, PIV-3, le li-titers tsa RHV li theohetse ho zero, tse bontšang ho se sebetse ka ho feletseng ha likokoana-hloko tsohle ka mor'a metsotso e 4 ea ho pepeseha [15, 16]. Elhafi [17] e pepesitse ka ho toba li-swabs tse tšoaelitsoeng ke avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian pneumovirus (APV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), le avian influenza virus (AIV) ho 2450 MHz, 900 W microwave oven. ho lahleheloa ke tšoaetso. Har'a bona, APV le IBV li ile tsa boela tsa fumanoa litsong tsa litho tsa mokokotlo tse fumanoang ho tsoa ho mahe a litsuonyana a moloko oa 5. Le hoja kokoana-hloko e ne e ke ke ea aroloa, kokoana-hloko ea nucleic acid e ne e ntse e fumanoa ke RT-PCR. Ben-Shoshan [18] o ile a pepesa ka kotloloho 2450 MHz, 750 W maqhubu a motlakase ho isa ho 15 cytomegalovirus (CMV) lisampole tse ntle tsa lebese la letsoele bakeng sa metsotsoana e 30. Ho fumanoa ha antigen ka Shell-Vial ho bontšitse ho sebetsa ka ho feletseng ha CMV. Leha ho le joalo, ho 500 W, lisampole tse 2 ho tse 15 ha lia ka tsa fihlela ts'ebetso e felletseng, e bonts'ang kamano e ntle lipakeng tsa ts'ebetso e sa sebetseng hantle le matla a maqhubu a motlakase.
Hape ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore Yang [13] o ile a bolela esale pele maqhubu a resonant pakeng tsa maqhubu a motlakase le livaerase tse thehiloeng ho mehlala ea 'mele e thehiloeng. Ho emisoa ha likaroloana tsa kokoana-hloko ea H3N2 ka boholo ba 7.5 × 1014 m-3, e hlahisoang ke lisele tsa liphio tsa ntja tsa Madin Darby (MDCK) tse nang le tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko, li ile tsa pepesetsoa ka ho toba maqhubu a motlakase ka lebelo la 8 GHz le matla a 820. W/m² ka metsotso e 15. Boemo ba ho se sebetse ha kokoana-hloko ea H3N2 bo fihla ho 100%. Leha ho le joalo, moeling oa khopolo-taba oa 82 W / m2, ke 38% feela ea kokoana-hloko ea H3N2 e neng e sa sebetse, e fana ka maikutlo a hore katleho ea ho thibela kokoana-hloko ea EM e amana haufi-ufi le matla a matla. Ho ipapisitsoe le thuto ena, Barbora [14] o balile lebelo la maqhubu a resonant (8.5-20 GHz) lipakeng tsa maqhubu a motlakase le SARS-CoV-2 mme a etsa qeto ea hore 7.5 × 1014 m-3 ea SARS-CoV-2 e pepesehetse maqhubu a motlakase A wave. ka maqhubu a 10-17 GHz le matla a matla a 14.5 ± 1 W/m2 hoo e ka bang 15 metsotso e tla fella ka ho tima 100%. Phuputso ea morao-rao e entsoeng ke Wang [19] e bonts'itse hore maqhubu a resonant a SARS-CoV-2 ke 4 le 7.5 GHz, a tiisang boteng ba maqhubu a resonant a ikemetseng ntle le titer ea vaerase.
Qetellong, re ka re maqhubu a motlakase a ka ama li-aerosols le li-suspension, hammoho le ts'ebetso ea likokoana-hloko holim'a metsi. Ho ile ha fumanoa hore katleho ea ho se sebetse e amana haufi-ufi le maqhubu le matla a maqhubu a motlakase le mokhoa o sebelisoang bakeng sa kholo ea kokoana-hloko. Ntle le moo, maqhubu a motlakase a ipapisitseng le li-resonances tsa 'mele a bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea vaerase [2, 13]. Ho fihlela joale, phello ea maqhubu a motlakase tšebetsong ea livaerase tsa pathogenic e shebane haholo le phetoho ea ts'oaetso. Ka lebaka la mochini o rarahaneng, lithuto tse 'maloa li tlalehile phello ea maqhubu a motlakase ho ikatisa le ho ngoloa ha livaerase tsa pathogenic.
Mekhoa eo maqhubu a motlakase a thibelang likokoana-hloko ka eona e amana haufi-ufi le mofuta oa kokoana-hloko, maqhubu le matla a maqhubu a motlakase, le tikoloho ea kholo ea kokoana-hloko, empa e ntse e sa tsejoe haholo. Lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li tsepamisitse maikutlo holim'a mekhoa ea ho fetisa matla a mocheso, athermal, le sebopeho sa matla a resonant.
Phello ea mocheso e utloisisoa e le ho eketseha ha mocheso o bakoang ke ho potoloha ka lebelo le phahameng, ho thulana le ho ferekana ha limolek'hule tsa polar ka har'a lisele tse tlas'a tšusumetso ea maqhubu a motlakase. Ka lebaka la thepa ena, maqhubu a motlakase a ka phahamisa mocheso oa kokoana-hloko ka holim'a moeli oa mamello ea 'mele, e bakang lefu la kokoana-hloko. Leha ho le joalo, livaerase li na le limolek'hule tse 'maloa tsa polar, tse fanang ka maikutlo a hore litlamorao tse tobileng ho livaerase ha li fumanehe [1]. Ho fapana le hoo, ho na le limolek'hule tse ling tse ngata tsa polar sebakeng se mahareng le tikolohong, joalo ka limolek'hule tsa metsi, tse tsamaeang ho latela sebaka sa motlakase se chenchana se hlasimolohileng ke maqhubu a motlakase, a hlahisang mocheso ka likhohlano. Joale mocheso o fetisetsoa ho kokoana-hloko ho phahamisa mocheso oa eona. Ha moeli oa mamello o fetisitsoe, li-nucleic acid le liprotheine lia senyeha, tse qetellang li fokotsa ts'oaetso esita le ho thibela kokoana-hloko.
Lihlopha tse 'maloa li tlalehile hore maqhubu a motlakase a ka fokotsa ts'oaetso ea livaerase ka ho pepesehela mocheso [1,3,8]. Kaczmarczyk [8] e pepesitse ho fanyeha ha coronavirus 229E ho maqhubu a motlakase ka lebelo la 95 GHz ka matla a matla a 70 ho isa ho 100 W/cm² bakeng sa 0.2-0.7 s. Liphello li bontšitse hore ho eketseha ha mocheso oa 100 ° C nakong ea ts'ebetso ena ho tlatselitse ho timetsong ea kokoana-hloko morphology le ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea kokoana-hloko. Liphello tsena tsa mocheso li ka hlalosoa ka ketso ea maqhubu a motlakase ho limolek'hule tsa metsi tse potolohileng. Siddharta [3] e khantšitse ho emisoa ha setso sa lisele tsa HCV tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho kenyeletsoa GT1a, GT2a, GT3a, GT4a, GT5a, GT6a le GT7a, e nang le maqhubu a motlakase ka lebelo la 2450 MHz le matla a 90 W le 1600 W. W, 600 W le 800 Tue With ho eketseha ha mocheso oa motsoako oa setso sa sele ho tloha ho 26 ° C ho ea ho 92 ° C, mahlaseli a motlakase a fokotsa ts'oaetso ea kokoana-hloko kapa a thibela kokoana-hloko ka ho feletseng. Empa HCV e ne e pepesehetse maqhubu a motlakase ka nako e khuts'oane ka matla a tlase (90 kapa 180 W, metsotso e 3) kapa matla a phahameng (600 kapa 800 W, motsotso o le mong), ha ho ne ho se na keketseho e kholo ea mocheso le phetoho e kholo kokoana-hloko e ne e sa hlokomeloe infectivity kapa mosebetsi.
Liphetho tse kaholimo li bonts'a hore phello ea mocheso oa maqhubu a motlakase ke ntlha ea bohlokoa e susumetsang ts'oaetso kapa ts'ebetso ea livaerase tsa pathogenic. Ho feta moo, liphuputso tse ngata li bontšitse hore phello ea mocheso oa mahlaseli a motlakase a etsa hore likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic li sebetse ka katleho ho feta UV-C le mocheso o tloaelehileng [8, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24].
Ntle le litlamorao tsa mocheso, maqhubu a motlakase a ka fetola polarity ea limolek'hule joalo ka liprotheine tse nyane le li-nucleic acid, a etsa hore limolek'hule li potelle le ho thothomela, e leng se bakang phokotso ea ho sebetsa kapa lefu [10]. Ho lumeloa hore phetoho e potlakileng ea polarity ea maqhubu a motlakase e baka polarization ea protheine, e lebisang ho sotheheng le ho kobeha ha sebopeho sa protheine, 'me qetellong, ho fetoha ha protheine [11].
Phello e seng ea mocheso ea maqhubu a motlakase ho inctivation ea kokoana-hloko e ntse e le likhang, empa lithuto tse ngata li bontšitse liphello tse ntle [1, 25]. Joalokaha re boletse ka holimo, maqhubu a motlakase a ka phunyeletsa ka ho toba protheine ea enfelopo ea kokoana-hloko ea MS2 'me a senya nucleic acid ea kokoana-hloko. Ntle le moo, li-aerosol tsa kokoana-hloko ea MS2 li na le kutloelo-bohloko haholo ho maqhubu a motlakase ho feta MS2 e nang le metsi. Ka lebaka la limolek'hule tse fokolang tsa polar, joalo ka limolek'hule tsa metsi, tikolohong e potolohileng li-aerosols tsa kokoana-hloko ea MS2, litlamorao tsa athermic li ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea kokoana-hloko ea maqhubu a motlakase [1].
Phenomenon of resonance e bolela tšekamelo ea tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho monya matla a mangata ho tsoa tikolohong ea eona ka makhetlo a tlhaho le bolelele ba maqhubu. Resonance e etsahala libakeng tse ngata tsa tlhaho. Hoa tsebahala hore livaerase li sebelisana le li-microwave tsa maqhubu a tšoanang ka mokhoa o lekanyelitsoeng oa acoustic dipole, ketsahalo ea resonance [2, 13, 26]. Mekhoa e ts'oanang ea tšebelisano lipakeng tsa leqhubu la motlakase le vaerase e hohela tlhokomelo e eketsehileng. Phello ea matla a matla a resonance energy (SRET) ho tloha ho maqhubu a motlakase ho ea ho acoustic oscillations (CAV) e koetsoeng ka har'a livaerase e ka lebisa ho phatloheng ha lera la vaerase ka lebaka la ho thothomela ha core-capsid. Ho phaella moo, katleho e akaretsang ea SRET e amana le tlhaho ea tikoloho, moo boholo le pH ea karoloana ea kokoana-hloko e khethollang maqhubu a resonant le matla a ho monya matla, ka ho latellana [2, 13, 19].
Tšusumetso ea 'mele ea maqhubu a motlakase e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho se sebetseng ha livaerase tse koahetsoeng, tse pota-potiloeng ke lera la bilayer le kentsoeng ka har'a liprotheine tsa vaerase. Bafuputsi ba fumane hore ho koaloa ha H3N2 ke maqhubu a motlakase a nang le maqhubu a 6 GHz le matla a matla a 486 W/m² a bakoa haholo ke ho phatloha ha khetla ka lebaka la phello ea resonance [13]. Mocheso oa ho emisoa ha H3N2 o eketsehile ka 7 ° C feela ka mor'a metsotso e 15 ea ho pepeseha, leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa ho thibela kokoana-hloko ea H3N2 ea motho ka ho futhumatsa mocheso, mocheso o ka holimo ho 55 ° C o hlokahala [9]. Ho 'nile ha hlokomeloa liketsahalo tse tšoanang bakeng sa likokoana-hloko tse kang SARS-CoV-2 le H3N1 [13, 14]. Ho phaella moo, ho se sebetse ha likokoana-hloko ka maqhubu a motlakase ha ho lebise ho senyeha ha likokoana-hloko tsa RNA genomes [1,13,14]. Kahoo, ho se sebetse ha kokoana-hloko ea H3N2 ho ile ha khothaletsoa ke ho resonance 'meleng ho e-na le ho pepeseha ha mocheso [13].
Ha ho bapisoa le phello ea mocheso ea maqhubu a motlakase, ho koaloa ha livaerase ka molumo oa 'mele ho hloka litekanyetso tse tlase tsa litekanyetso, tse ka tlase ho litekanyetso tsa ts'ireletso tsa microwave tse thehiloeng ke Setsi sa Baenjiniere ba Motlakase le Electronics (IEEE) [2, 13]. Maqhubu a resonant le lethal dose ea matla li itšetlehile ka thepa ea 'mele ea kokoana-hloko, joalo ka boholo ba likaroloana le elasticity, le likokoana-hloko tsohle tse ka har'a maqhubu a resonant li ka lebisoa ka katleho bakeng sa ho sebetsa. Ka lebaka la sekhahla se phahameng sa ho kenella, ho ba sieo ha mahlaseli a ionizing, le polokeho e ntle, ts'ebetso ea kokoana-hloko e kentsoeng ke phello ea thermic ea CPET e ts'episa bakeng sa phekolo ea mafu a kotsi a batho a bakoang ke likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic [14, 26].
Ho ipapisitsoe le ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea livaerase sebakeng sa mokelikeli le holim'a mecha ea litaba e fapaneng, maqhubu a motlakase a ka sebetsana ka katleho le li-aerosols tsa kokoana-hloko [1, 26], e leng katleho ebile e bohlokoa haholo ho laola phetiso ea kokoana-hloko le ho thibela phetiso ea kokoana-hloko sechabeng. sewa. Ho feta moo, ho sibolloa ha matla a 'mele a maqhubu a motlakase ho bohlokoa haholo lefapheng lena. Hafeela maqhubu a resonant a itseng a virion le maqhubu a motlakase a tsejoa, likokoana-hloko tsohle tse ka har'a leqeba la resonant li ka lebisoa, tse ke keng tsa finyelloa ka mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho thibela kokoana-hloko [13,14,26]. Electromagnetic inactivation ea livaerase ke lipatlisiso tse ts'episang tse nang le lipatlisiso tse kholo le boleng bo sebelisitsoeng le bokhoni.
Ha ho bapisoa le theknoloji ea setso e bolaeang kokoana-hloko, maqhubu a motlakase a na le litšobotsi tsa tšireletso e bonolo, e sebetsang, e sebetsang ea tikoloho ha a bolaea likokoana-hloko ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ikhethang [2, 13]. Leha ho le joalo, mathata a mangata a ntse a le teng. Taba ea pele, tsebo ea sejoale-joale e lekanyelitsoe ho thepa ea 'mele ea maqhubu a motlakase, mme mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso ea matla nakong ea tlhahiso ea maqhubu a motlakase ha o so ka o senoloa [10, 27]. Li-microwave, ho kenyeletsoa le maqhubu a millimeter, li sebelisitsoe haholo ho ithuta ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea vaerase le mekhoa ea eona, leha ho le joalo, lithuto tsa maqhubu a motlakase ka maqhubu a mang, haholoholo ho tloha ho 100 kHz ho isa ho 300 MHz le ho tloha ho 300 GHz ho isa ho 10 THz, ha li so tlalehe. Taba ea bobeli, mokhoa oa ho bolaea livaerase tsa pathogenic ka maqhubu a motlakase ha o so hlakisoe, 'me ho ithutoa likokoana-hloko tse chitja le tse bōpehileng joaloka molamu [2]. Ho feta moo, likaroloana tsa kokoana-hloko li nyenyane, ha li na lisele, li fetoha habonolo, ’me li hasana ka potlako, e leng se ka thibelang hore kokoana-hloko e se ke ea sebetsa. Theknoloji ea motlakase ea motlakase e ntse e hloka ho ntlafatsoa ho hlola tšitiso ea livaerase tse sa sebetseng tsa pathogenic. Qetellong, ho monngoa ho hoholo ha matla a mahlaseli ke limolek'hule tsa polar sebakeng se bohareng, joalo ka limolek'hule tsa metsi, ho fella ka tahlehelo ea matla. Ntle le moo, katleho ea SRET e ka angoa ke mekhoa e mengata e sa tsejoeng ea livaerase [28]. Phello ea SRET e ka boela ea fetola kokoana-hloko hore e ikamahanye le tikoloho ea eona, e leng se bakang ho hanyetsa maqhubu a motlakase [29].
Nakong e tlang, theknoloji ea ho thibela kokoana-hloko e sebelisang maqhubu a motlakase e hloka ho ntlafatsoa le ho feta. Lipatlisiso tsa mantlha tsa mahlale li lokela ho rereloa ho hlakisa mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea vaerase ka maqhubu a motlakase. Mohlala, mokhoa oa ho sebelisa matla a livaerase ha o pepesetsoa maqhubu a motlakase, mokhoa o qaqileng oa ts'ebetso e sa chesehang e bolaeang livaerase tsa pathogenic, le mochini oa phello ea SRET lipakeng tsa maqhubu a motlakase le mefuta e fapaneng ea livaerase e lokela ho hlakisoa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng. Lipatlisiso tse sebelisitsoeng li lokela ho shebana le mokhoa oa ho thibela ho monya ho feteletseng ha matla a mahlaseli ka limolek'hule tsa polar, ho ithuta phello ea maqhubu a motlakase a maqhubu a fapaneng ho livaerase tse fapaneng tsa pathogenic, le ho ithuta ka litlamorao tse sa chesehang tsa maqhubu a motlakase ho timetseng livaerase tsa pathogenic.
Maqhubu a motlakase a fetohile mokhoa o ts'episang oa ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic. Theknoloji ea electromagnetic wave e na le melemo ea ts'ilafalo e tlase, theko e tlase, le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea kokoana-hloko ea pathogen, e ka hlolang mefokolo ea mahlale a khale a anti-virus. Leha ho le joalo, lipatlisiso tse ling lia hlokahala ho fumana lintlha tsa theknoloji ea maqhubu a motlakase le ho hlakisa mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ea vaerase.
Tekanyo e itseng ea mahlaseli a maqhubu a motlakase a ka senya sebopeho le tšebetso ea livaerase tse ngata tsa pathogenic. Ho sebetsa hantle ha kokoana-hloko ho amana haufi-ufi le khafetsa, matla a matla, le nako ea ho pepeseha. Ho phaella moo, mekhoa e ka 'nang ea e-ba teng e kenyelletsa liphello tse futhumatsang, tsa mocheso, le tsa sebopeho sa ho fetisa matla. Ha ho bapisoa le mahlale a setso a antiviral, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea kokoana-hloko ea motlakase ea motlakase e na le melemo ea ho ba bonolo, ho sebetsa hantle haholo le tšilafalo e tlase. Ka hona, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea kokoana-hloko ea electromagnetic wave-mediated virus e fetohile mokhoa o ts'episang oa antiviral bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea nako e tlang.
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