Lekola ho feto-fetoha ha libaesekele tse futhumatsang liphuputsong

Libaesekele tse futhumatsang, tse tsejoang hape e le mechini ea PCR, ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa ho baeloji ea limolek'hule le lipatlisiso tsa lefutso. Lisebelisoa tsena li sebelisetsoa ho holisa DNA le RNA ka theknoloji ea polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Leha ho le joalo, ho feto-fetoha ha libaesekele tsa mocheso ha ho felle feela lits'ebetsong tsa PCR. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba litsela tse fapaneng tsa libaesekele tse futhumatsang li sebelisoang lipatlisisong le bohlokoa ba tsona ho ntšetseng pele tsebo ea mahlale.

1. Matlafatso ea PCR

Mosebetsi oa mantlha oa asebaesekele se chesangke ho etsa matlafatso ea PCR, e leng bohlokoa bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea ts'ebeliso ea baeloji ea limolek'hule. Ka ho beha sampole ea DNA kapa ea RNA letotong la liphetoho tsa mocheso, libaesekele tse futhumatsang li khothaletsa denaturation, annealing, le ho atolosoa ha likhoele tsa nucleic acid, e leng se bakang ho holisoa ha tatellano e ikhethileng ea sepheo. Ts'ebetso ena e bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, lithuto tsa polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, le ho lemoha likokoana-hloko tse tšoaetsanoang.

2. Quantitative PCR (qPCR)

Ntle le PCR e tloaelehileng, libaesekele tse futhumatsang li sebelisoa bakeng sa PCR kapa qPCR, tse lumellang palo ea lipehelo tsa acid ea nucleic ka sampole. Ka ho kenyelletsa lidae kapa li-probes tsa fluorescent, libaesekele tse futhumatsang li ka lekanya ho bokellana ha lihlahisoa tsa PCR ka nako ea nnete, li fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa mabapi le maemo a polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, bongata ba kokoana-hloko le phapang ea liphatsa tsa lefutso.

3. Reverse transcript PCR (RT-PCR)

Libaesekele tse futhumatsang li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho reverse transcript PCR, mokhoa o fetolelang RNA hore e be DNA e tlatsetsang (cDNA) bakeng sa ho holisoa ka morao. Mokhoa ona o bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ithuta polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, livaerase tsa RNA, le lipaterone tsa ho arohana ha mRNA. Sebaesekele se futhumatsang se nang le taolo e nepahetseng ea mocheso se bohlokoa katlehong ea liteko tsa RT-PCR.

4. Digital PCR

Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea libaesekele tse futhumatsang e lebisitse ho nts'etsopele ea PCR ea dijithale, mokhoa o hlokolosi haholo bakeng sa quantification e felletseng ea li-nucleic acid. Ka ho arola karabelo ea PCR ka likete-kete tsa li-microreactions, libaesekele tse futhumatsang li ka tseba ka nepo mahloriso a pele a molek'hule e shebiloeng, e leng se etsang hore PCR ea dijithale e be sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lemoha liphetoho tse sa tloaelehang le tlhahlobo ea palo ea likopi.

5. Tokisetso ea lilaebrari tsa tatellano ea moloko o latelang

Thermal cyclers ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea mokhoa oa ho lokisa laeborari bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa tatellano ea moloko o latelang (NGS). Ka ho phahamisa likaroloana tsa DNA tse thehiloeng ho PCR, libaesekele tse futhumatsang li thusa ho aha lilaeborari tse tatellano ho tsoa ho lisebelisoa tse fokolang tsa ho qala, ho lumella bafuputsi ho sekaseka genome, transcriptome, kapa epigenome ea setho.

6. Protheine Engineering le Mutagenesis

Ho phaella ho nucleic acid amplification, libaesekele tse futhumatsang li sebelisoa ho boenjiniere ba liprotheine le lithuto tsa mutagenesis. mutagenesis ea sebaka sa marang-rang, ts'ebeliso ea protheine ea polelo, le liteko tse lebisitsoeng tsa ho iphetola ha lintho hangata li itšetleha ka mekhoa e thehiloeng ho PCR, 'me libaesekele tse futhumatsang tse nang le taolo e nepahetseng ea mocheso le litefiso tse tšoanang tsa ho futhumatsa le ho pholisa li bohlokoa ho fumana liphetho tse nepahetseng le tse ka hlahisoang hape.

7. Teko ea tikoloho le polokeho ea lijo

Libaesekele tse futhumatsang li boetse li sebelisoa litekong tsa polokeho ea tikoloho le lijo, haholo-holo ho lemoha likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko, likokoana-hloko tse fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso (GMOs) le likokoana-hloko tse bakoang ke lijo. Liteko tse thehiloeng ho PCR li sebetsa ho libaesekele tse futhumatsang li thusa ho tsebahatsa litšila ka potlako le ka mokhoa o ikhethileng, ho netefatsa polokeho le boleng ba lisampole tsa lijo le tikoloho.

Ka kakaretso,libaesekele tse chesangKe lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa ho baeloji ea limolek'hule le lipatlisiso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, tse fanang ka mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso ho feta kholiso ea PCR ea setso. Ho feto-fetoha ha tsona le ho nepahala ha tsona ho etsa hore e be tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa liteko ho tloha ho tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho ea ho tlhokomelo ea tikoloho. Ha thekenoloji e ntse e tsoela pele, libaesekele tse futhumatsang li ka 'na tsa bapala karolo ea bohlokoa le ho feta ho khanna ho sibolloa ha mahlale le boqapi.