Lintho tse sitisang karabelo ea PCR

Nakong ea karabelo ea PCR, lintlha tse ling tse sitisang li atisa ho kopana le tsona.
Ka lebaka la kutloisiso e phahameng haholo ea PCR, tšilafalo e nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse amang liphello tsa PCR' me e ka hlahisa liphello tse ntle tse fosahetseng.
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang oa bohlokoa ke mehloli e fapaneng e lebisang ho sephetho se fosahetseng. Haeba karolo e le 'ngoe kapa tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa motsoako oa PCR kapa karabelo ea amplification ka boeona e thibetsoe kapa e sitisoa, tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo e ka sitisoa. Sena se ka lebisa ho fokotseng katleho esita le liphello tse mpe tsa bohata.
Ntle le ho thibela, tahlehelo ea botšepehi ba nucleic acid e ka 'na ea e-ba teng ka lebaka la maemo a ho romella le / kapa a ho boloka pele ho lokisetsa sampole. Haholo-holo, mocheso o phahameng kapa polokelo e sa lekaneng e ka baka tšenyo ea lisele le li-nucleic acid. Ho lokisa lisele le lisele le parafine ke lisosa tse tsebahalang tsa ho arohana ha DNA le bothata bo sa khaotseng (sheba Lipalo 1 le 2). Maemong ana, esita le ho itšehla thajana le tlhoekiso ho ke ke ha thusa.
Sephetho sa Teko

Setšoantšo sa 1 | Phello ea ho sitisa botšepehi ba DNA
Agarose gel electrophoresis e bonts'itse hore boleng ba DNA bo arohaneng le likarolo tsa parafine tsa tlhahlobo ea setopo bo fapane haholo. DNA ea bolelele bo fapaneng ba sekhechana sa bolelele bo ne bo le teng ka har'a likhechana ho latela mokhoa oa ho lokisa. 8 Tšebeliso ea "bouin fixative" e nang le asiti e matla kapa e sa buffered, e nang le formalin e nang le asiti e entse hore DNA e lahlehe haholo. Karolo e setseng e arotsoe haholo.
Ka ho le letšehali, bolelele ba likhechana bo hlahisoa ka li-kilobase pairs (kbp)
Liphetho tsa liteko
Setšoantšo sa 2 | Ho lahleheloa ke botšepehi ba lipehelo tsa nucleic acid
(a) Lekhalo la 3′-5′ holim’a likhoele ka bobeli le tla fella ka ho khaoha ho DNA e lebisitsoeng. ho qaptjoa ha DNA ho ntse ho tla etsahala karolong e nyenyane. Leha ho le joalo, haeba sebaka sa pele sa annealing se le sieo sekhechana sa DNA, ho etsahala feela ho holisoa ha mela. Boemong bo botle ka ho fetisisa, likhechana li ka 'na tsa tsosolosana, empa lihlahisoa li tla ba tse nyenyane le tse ka tlaase ho maemo a ho lemoha.
(b) Ho lahleheloa ke metheo, haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho senyeha le ho thehoa ha thymidine dimer, ho lebisa ho fokotseha ha palo ea li-bond tsa H le ho fokotseha ha Tm. Nakong ea ho futhumala ha nako e telele, li-primers li tla qhibiliha ho tloha ho DNA ea matrix 'me li ke ke tsa ema le tlas'a maemo a thata haholo.
(c) Metheo ea thymine e haufi e theha TT dimer.
Bothata bo bong bo atileng bo atisang ho hlaha tlhahlobong ea limolek'hule ke ho lokolloa ho fokolang ho feta ho nepahetseng ha target nucleic acids ha ho bapisoa le phenol-chloroform extract. Maemong a feteletseng, sena se ka amahanngoa le mefokolo ea bohata. Nako e ngata e ka bolokeha ka ho belisa lysis kapa tšilo ea enzymatic ea maloanlahla a lisele, empa mokhoa ona hangata o fella ka kutlo e tlase ea PCR ka lebaka la ho se lekane ha nucleic acid e lokolloa.

Thibelo ea mosebetsi oa polymerase nakong ea ho holisa

Ka kakaretso, inhibition e sebelisoa e le mohopolo oa setshelo ho hlalosa lintlha tsohle tse lebisang ho liphetho tse tlase tsa PCR. Ka kutloisiso e tiileng ea lik'hemik'hale, thibelo e lekanyelitsoe mosebetsing oa enzyme, ke hore, e fokotsa kapa e thibela phetoho ea sehlahisoa sa substrate ka ho sebelisana le sebaka se sebetsang sa DNA polymerase kapa cofactor ea eona (mohlala, Mg2 + bakeng sa Taq DNA polymerase).
Likarolo tse ka har'a sampole kapa li-buffer tse fapaneng le likhechana tse nang le li-reagents li ka thibela enzyme ka kotloloho kapa tsa tšoasa li-cofactors tsa eona (mohlala, EDTA), ka hona tsa etsa hore polymerase e sebetse ebe e lebisa ho phokotseho kapa liphetho tse mpe tsa PCR.
Leha ho le joalo, litšebelisano tse ngata lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa karabelo le li-nucleic acid tse nang le target li boetse li bitsoa 'PCR inhibitors'. Hang ha botšepehi ba sele bo sitisoa ke ho itšehla thajana 'me nucleic acid e lokolloa, litšebelisano pakeng tsa sampuli le tharollo ea eona e potolohileng le mohato o tiileng o ka etsahala. Ka mohlala, 'scavengers' e ka tlama DNA e le 'ngoe kapa habeli ka litšebelisano tse sa kopantseng le ho kena-kenana le ho itšehla thajana le tlhoekiso ka ho fokotsa palo ea lipakane tse qetellang li fihla sekepeng sa PCR reaction.
Ka kakaretso, li-PCR inhibitors li teng metsing a mangata a 'mele le li-reagents tse sebelisetsoang liteko tsa tlhahlobo ea bongaka (urea ka moroto, hemoglobin le heparin maling), lisebelisoa tsa lijo (likaroloana tsa organic, glycogen, mafura, Ca2+ ion) le likaroloana tsa tikoloho (phenols). , litšepe tse boima)

Li-inhibitors

Mohloli

Li-ion tsa calcium

Lebese, lisele tsa masapo

Collagen

Tishu

Matsoai a Bile

Mantle

Hemoglobin

Mading

Hemoglobin

Mehlala ea mali

Asiti ea humic

Mobu, semela

Mali

Mali

Lactoferrin

Mali

(Europe) melanin

Letlalo, moriri

Myoglobin

Lithishu tsa mesifa

Li-polysaccharides

Semela, mantle

Protease

Lebese

Urea

Moroto

Mukopolisaccharide

Lefufuru, lera la mucous

Lignin, selulose

Limela

Li-PCR inhibitors tse atileng haholo li ka fumanoa ho libaktheria le liseleng tsa eukaryotic, DNA eo e seng sepheo, li-macromolecule tse tlamang DNA tsa matrices a lisele le lisebelisoa tsa laboratori tse kang liatlana le lipolasetiki. Ho hloekisoa ha li-nucleic acid nakong kapa ka mor'a ho ntšoa ke mokhoa o ratoang oa ho tlosa PCR inhibitors.
Kajeno, lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa ho hula ka boiketsetso li ka nka sebaka sa liprothokholo tse ngata tsa matsoho, empa ho hlaphoheloa ha 100% le / kapa tlhoekiso ea lipehelo ha e so fihle. Li-inhibitor tse ka bang teng li ntse li le teng ho li-nucleic acid tse hloekisitsoeng kapa li se li qalile ho sebetsa. Ho na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho fokotsa phello ea li-inhibitors. Khetho ea polymerase e nepahetseng e ka ba le phello e kholo mosebetsing oa inhibitor. Mekhoa e meng e netefalitsoeng ea ho fokotsa thibelo ea PCR ke ho eketsa mahloriso a polymerase kapa ho sebelisa li-additives tse kang BSA.
Thibelo ea karabelo ea PCR e ka bontšoa ka tšebeliso ea taolo ea boleng ba ts'ebetso ea kahare (IPC).
Tlhokomelo e tlameha ho nkoa ho tlosa li-reagents tsohle le litharollo tse ling ka har'a kit ea ho ntša, tse kang ethanol, EDTA, CETAB, LiCl, GuSCN, SDS, isopropanol le phenol, ho tloha ho nucleic acid ho itšehla thajana ka mohato oa ho hlatsoa ka ho feletseng. Ho ipapisitse le mahloriso a bona, ba ka kenya tšebetsong kapa ba thibela PCR.


Nako ea poso: May-19-2023
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