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Litlhahlobo tsa immunoassay li fetohile lejoe la motheo la lefapha la tlhahlobo ea mafu, le bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho lemoha le ho beha leihlo mafu a mangata a mangata. Liteko tsena tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa biochemical li sebelisa monyetla o ikhethang oa li-antibodies ho bona le ho lekanya lintho tse kang liprotheine, lihomone le likokoana-hloko lisampong tsa baeloji. Bohareng ba katleho ea li-immunoassays keli-reagents tsa immunoassay, e leng likarolo tsa bohlokoa tse khethollang ho nepahala, kutloisiso, le ho tšepahala ha tlhahlobo.
Litlhahlobo tsa immunoassay li ka aroloa ka bophara ka mefuta e 'meli: e tobileng le e sa tobang. Litlhahlobo tse tobileng tsa immunoassay li kenyelletsa ho tlama antigen ho lesole la 'mele le ngotsoeng, ha litlhahlobo tse sa tobang li sebelisa lesole la 'mele la bobeli le tlamang le lesole la 'mele la mantlha. Ho sa tsotelehe hore na ke mofuta ofe, boleng ba li-reagents tsa immunoassay (tse kang li-antibodies, li-antigen, le li-labels) li ama haholo ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo. Li-reagents tsa boleng bo phahameng li etsa bonnete ba hore tlhahlobo e khona ho lemoha likhahla tse tlase tsa mohlahlobi oa sepheo, e leng sa bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho lemoha lefu la pele.
E 'ngoe ea likopo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa tlhahlobo ea immunoassay ke ho hlahloba mafu a tšoaetsanoang. Mohlala, liteko tse potlakileng tsa mafu a kang HIV, lefu la sebete, le COVID-19 li itšetlehile ka theknoloji ea immunoassay ho fana ka liphetho tse nakong. Liteko tsena li sebelisa li-reagents tse khethehileng tsa immunoassay tse ka khethollang liprotheine tsa vaerase kapa li-antibodies tse hlahisoang kamora ts'oaetso. Lebelo le ho nepahala ha liteko tsena li bohlokoa ho laola le ho laola mafu ka katleho, ho lumella bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo ho qala kalafo hang-hang le ho fokotsa kotsi ea phetiso.
Ntle le mafu a tšoaetsanoang, tlhahlobo ea immunoassay e boetse e thusa ho beha leihlo mafu a sa foleng a kang lefu la tsoekere, lefu la pelo le mofetše. Ka mohlala, ho lekanya li-biomarker tse kang tsoekere, k'holeseterole le matšoao a hlahala ka li-immunoassays ho lumella litsebi tsa bongaka ho hlahloba tsoelo-pele ea mafu le katleho ea phekolo. Li-reagents tse sebelisoang litlhahlobong tsena li tlameha ho netefatsoa ka thata ho netefatsa hore li fana ka liphello tse tsitsitseng le tse ka hlahisoang hape, e leng tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa tsamaiso ea mokuli.
Tsoelopele ea padili-reagents tsa immunoassaye boetse e atolositse sebaka sa liteko tsena. Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea baeloji e lebisitse ho thehoeng ha li-antibodies tsa monoclonal, tse nang le lintlha tse ikhethang le kutloisiso ho feta li-antibodies tse tloaelehileng tsa polyclonal. Ntle le moo, ho kopana ha nanotechnology le immunoassay reagents ho lebisitse ho nts'etsopele ea litlhahlobo tse hlokolosi haholoanyane, tse lumellang ho tsebahatsoa ha li-biomarker maemong a tlase. Sena se molemo haholo ho lemoha mafu a pele, moo boteng ba li-biomarker bo ka fokolang haholo.
Ntle le moo, ho feto-fetoha ha li-immunoassays ho lumella ts'ebeliso ea bona maemong a fapaneng, ho tloha ho lilaboratori tsa bongaka ho isa tlhahlobong ea tlhokomelo. Ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse nkehang tsa immunoassay tse nang le li-reagents tse ikhethileng li lumella tlhahlobo e potlakileng libakeng tse hole kapa tse nang le lisebelisoa tse fokolang, tse ka fihlelang batho ba kanna ba se fumane litšebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle. Phihlello ena e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho laola mafu a seoa le ho netefatsa ho kenella ka nako.
Ka bokhutšoanyane, li-immunoassay li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho boneng le ho beha leihlo mafu, 'me li-reagents tsa immunoassay li bohlokoa katlehong ea tsona. Khatelo-pele e ntseng e tsoela pele ho nts'etsopele ea reagent le thekenoloji e ntse e tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba immunoassays, e ba etsa sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa ho tsa bongaka ba sejoale-joale. Ha lipatlisiso li ntse li tsoela pele, monyetla oa li-immunoassays ho kenya letsoho merianang ea motho ka mong le liphekolo tse lebisitsoeng ho tsona li ka hola, ho tiisa bohlokoa ba tsona sebakeng sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Ha ho pelaelo hore ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea li-reagents tsa immunoassay e tla bopa bokamoso ba ho lemoha le ho beha leihlo mafu, ho bula tsela bakeng sa liphello tse ntlafetseng tsa bakuli le mehato ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba.
Nako ea poso: Apr-03-2025
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