Litaba tsa Bongaka ba Liphoofolo: Tsoelo-pele lipatlisisong tsa ntaramane ea linonyana

Litaba 01

Ho fumanoa ha pele ha mofuta oa H4N6 oa kokoana-hloko ea ntaramane ea linonyana ho matata a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Iseraeleng

Avishai Lublin, Nikki Thie, Irina Shkoda, Luba Simanov, Gila Kahila Bar-Gal, Yigal Farnoushi, Roni King, Wayne M Getz, Pauline L Kamath, Rauri CK Bowie, Ran Nathan

PMID: 35687561;DOI:10.1111/tbed.14610

Vaerase ea ntaramane ea linonyana (AIV) e beha kotsing e kholo bophelong ba liphoofolo le batho lefatšeng ka bophara. Ha linonyana tsa metsing tsa naha li fetisa AIV lefatšeng ka bophara, ho batlisisa ho ata ha AIV ho baahi ba naha ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa phetiso ea kokoana-hloko le ho bolela esale pele ho qhoma ha mafu liphoofolong tsa lapeng le bathong. Phuputsong ena, mofuta oa H4N6 AIV o ile oa aroloa ka lekhetlo la pele ho tsoa lisampoleng tsa mantle tsa matata a matala a hlaha (Anas platyrhynchos) Iseraele. Liphetho tsa phylogenetic tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa HA le NA li bontša hore mofuta ona o amana haufi-ufi le liphoofolo tse arohaneng tsa Europe le Asia. Kaha Iseraele e fumaneha tseleng ea ho falla ea Arctic-Afrika Bohareng, ho nahanoa hore mofuta ona mohlomong o hlahisitsoe ke linonyana tse fallang. Tlhahlobo ea phylogenetic ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa ka hare tsa isolate (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M le NS) e senotse tekanyo e phahameng ea kamano ea phylogenetic le mefuta e meng ea AIV, e leng se bontšang hore ketsahalo e fetileng ea ho kopana hape e etsahetse ho isolate ena. Mofuta ona wa H4N6 wa AIV o na le sekgahla se phahameng sa ho kopana hape, o ka tshwaetsa dikolobe tse phetseng hantle mme wa tlama di-receptor tsa batho, mme o ka baka lefu la zoonotic nakong e tlang.

Litaba 02

Kakaretso ea ntaramane ea linonyana EU, Hlakubele-Phuptjane 2022

Bolaodi ba Polokeho ea Lijo ba Europe, Setsi sa Europe sa Thibelo le Taolo ea Mafu, Laboratori ea Litšupiso ea European Union bakeng sa Influenza ea Linonyana

PMID：35949938；PMCID：PMC9356771；DOI：10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415

Ka 2021-2022, ntaramane ea linonyana e bakang mafu a mangata (HPAI) e ne e le seoa se seholo ka ho fetisisa Europe, ka ho qhoma ha linonyana tse 2,398 linaheng tse 36 tsa Europe ho ileng ha fella ka hore linonyana tse limilione tse 46 li bolaoe. Pakeng tsa la 16 Hlakubele le la 10 Phuptjane 2022, mefuta eohle ea linaha tse 28 tsa EU/EEA le mefuta e 1 182 ea kokoana-hloko ea ntaramane ea linonyana e bakang mafu a mangata (HPAIV) ea UK e ile ea aroloa ho likhoho (maemo a 750), liphoofolo tse hlaha (maemo a 410) le linonyana tse koaletsoeng (maemo a 22). Nakong e hlahlojoang, 86% ea ho qhoma ha likhoho e ne e bakoa ke phetiso ea HPAIV, moo Fora e ikarabellang bakeng sa 68% ea ho qhoma ha likhoho ka kakaretso, Hungary bakeng sa 24% le linaha tse ling tse amehileng ka tlase ho 2% ka 'ngoe. Jeremane e bile le palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ho qhoma ha linonyana tse hlaha (maemo a 158), e lateloa ke Netherlands (maemo a 98) le UK (maemo a 48).

Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso li bontša hore HPAIV e atileng haholo-holo Europe ke ea spectrum 2.3.4 b. Ho tloha tlalehong ea ho qetela, tšoaetso ea batho ba bane ba H5N6, ba babeli ba H9N2 le ba babeli ba H3N8 li tlalehiloe Chaena 'me tšoaetso ea batho ba le mong ea H5N1 e tlalehiloe USA. Kotsi ea tšoaetso e lekotsoe e le tlase bakeng sa baahi ka kakaretso le e tlase ho isa ho e mahareng bakeng sa baahi ba pepesehetseng mosebetsing EU/EEA.

 Litaba 03

Liphetoho tse etsahalang masalaneng a 127, 183 le 212 mabapi le phello ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa HA

Ho hanyetsa tlhaho, ho ikatisa le ho baka mafu ha kokoana-hloko ea ntaramane ea linonyana ea H9N2

Menglu Fan，Bing Liang，Yongzhen Zhao，Yaping Zhang，Qingzheng Liu，Miao Tian，Yiqing Zheng，Huizhi Xia，Yasuo Suzuki，Hualan Chen，Jihui Ping

PMID: 34724348;DOI:10.1111/tbed.14363

Mofuta wa H9N2 wa kokoana-hloko ya ntaramane ya dinonyana (AIV) ke o mong wa mefuta e meholo e amang bophelo bo botle ba indasteri ya dikgoho. Phuputsong ena, mefuta e mmedi ya mofuta wa H9N2 AIV e nang le semelo se tshwanang sa lefutso empa e fapane le antigenicity, e bitswang A/chicken/Jiangsu/75/2018 (JS/75) le A/chicken/Jiangsu/76/2018 (JS/76), e ile ya arolwa polasing ya dikgoho. Tlhahlobo ya tatellano e bontshitse hore JS/75 le JS/76 di fapane ka masalla a mararo a amino acid (127, 183 le 212) a haemagglutinin (HA). Ho hlahloba dipharologanyo tsa thepa ya baeloji pakeng tsa JS/75 le JS/76, divaerase tse tsheletseng tse kopantsweng di ile tsa hlahiswa ho sebediswa mokgwa wa lefutso o fapaneng le A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) e le ketane e ka sehloohong. Lintlha tse tsoang litekong tsa tlhaselo ea khoho le litekong tsa HI li bontšitse hore r-76/PR8 e bontšitse ho phonyoha ho hlahelletseng ka ho fetisisa ha antigen ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa amino acid maemong a 127 le 183 ho HA gene. Lithuto tse ling li tiisitse hore glycosylation sebakeng sa 127N e etsahetse ho JS/76 le liphetohong tsa eona. Liteko tsa ho tlama li-receptor li bontšitse hore livaerase tsohle tse kopantsoeng, ntle le 127N glycosylation-deficient mutant, li tlamahane habonolo ho li-receptor tsa humanoid. Liteko tsa kinetics ea kholo le tlhaselo ea litoeba li bontšitse hore 127N-glycosylated virus e ikatisa hanyane liseleng tsa A549 'me e ne e se na pathogenic e ngata ho litoeba ha e bapisoa le virus ea mofuta oa naha. Kahoo, glycosylation le liphetoho tsa amino acid ho HA gene li ikarabella bakeng sa liphapang tsa antigenicity le pathogenicity tsa mefuta e 2 ea H9N2.

Mohloli: Setsi sa Bophelo ba Liphoofolo le Seoa sa Chaena